Monad

Monad is a Layer 1 blockchain that keeps full Ethereum compatibility while re-engineering how transactions are processed underneath. The stated target is 10,000 transactions per second with very low fees, achieved through changes to execution, consensus, and storage rather than by changing the developer-facing interface.

The main innovation is parallel execution. Conventional blockchains process transactions one at a time, which means the speed of a single processor core caps the whole network. Monad executes transactions optimistically in parallel and detects afterward when two of them touched the same state, re-running only those. Because most transactions in a block are unrelated, this recovers most of the benefit of parallelism without asking developers to declare dependencies.

Deferred execution

Monad also separates agreement from execution. Validators reach consensus on the order of transactions first and execute them afterward, rather than executing before agreeing. This means consensus is not waiting on execution to finish, so both can be pipelined and the network is not limited by the slower of the two running in sequence.

The chain uses a custom state database designed for the access patterns this creates, since parallel execution puts different demands on storage than sequential processing does.

Supply and backing

MON has no listed hard maximum supply. Total supply currently sits at roughly 100.68 billion tokens with about 11.83 billion circulating, meaning the large majority is not yet in the market and release schedules are a material factor.

The project raised substantial venture funding from firms including Paradigm, Coinbase Ventures, Animoca Brands, and Galaxy Digital before launch. Its practical performance under real load, rather than in benchmarks, is the measure that will distinguish it from other high-throughput chains.